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Finance vs Economics: pay, job growth and AI risk
Which is the better bet over the next 20 years? Here's what official data says about the jobs each major usually leads to.
Economics careers pay more at the median ($108,400 vs $101,700 a year). Economics has faster projected job growth through 2035 (+8.7% vs +6.4%). Economics jobs have less AI task exposure (50% vs 54% of tasks).
Scorecard
“Edge” marks the stronger number on each line (for AI, lower exposure). No edge when the gap is small (median pay within 1%, AI within 3 points, growth within 1 point). Finance: 0 · Economics: 4. This is a tally, not a verdict: weigh what matters to you.
What each major studies
Finance covers how money is raised, invested and managed: valuation, markets, corporate finance and risk. Economics covers how people, firms and governments make choices with limited resources, with a heavy dose of data and models.
Is Finance or Economics more at risk from AI?
Using the “GPTs are GPTs” task ratings, 54% of the tasks in typical Finance careers could be done at least twice as fast with current AI tools, versus 50% for Economics (all U.S. jobs: 33%). Higher exposure means more of the work can be sped up by AI. That can mean fewer people doing the same work, or the same people doing more. It is not a count of jobs lost.
By career
Finance: tasks AI can speed up
- analyze risks related to investments in green technology (Financial Analysts)
- educate clients on financial planning topics (Personal Financial Advisors)
- determine resource needs (Financial Managers)
Tasks that stay human
- develop business relationships (Financial Analysts)
- confer with others about financial matters (Personal Financial Advisors)
- collect payments for goods or services (Financial Managers)
Economics: tasks AI can speed up
- forecast economic, political, or social trends (Economists)
- analyze risks related to investments in green technology (Financial Analysts)
- edit written materials (Management Analysts)
Tasks that stay human
- forecast economic, political, or social trends (Economists)
- develop business relationships (Financial Analysts)
- confer with personnel to coordinate business operations (Management Analysts)
Finance vs Economics job outlook: the next 10 and 20 years
Index: 2025 jobs = 100. Lines = BLS projection to 2035. Shaded = our 2035–2045 extrapolation range.
BLS projects employment in the Finance careers we track to change +6.4% from 2025 to 2035 (about 128,900 openings a year), and +8.7% for Economics (about 269,000 a year). All U.S. jobs: +3.5%. No official source projects 20 years out. Our 2035–2045 range only shows what happens if the current trend continues or stalls.
How the shaded range works: the top edge assumes each field's 2025–35 yearly growth rate continues to 2045; the bottom edge assumes no change after 2035 (flipped for shrinking fields). It is an extrapolation from BLS data, not a BLS projection.
Finance vs Economics salary: which pays more?
Line = 10th to 90th percentile · box = middle half · dot = median (BLS OEWS, May 2024)
At the median, Finance careers pay $101,700 and Economics careers pay $108,400 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2024). The middle half of Finance workers earn $75,300 to $148,500; for Economics it is $80,300 to $149,000. Pay tends to rise with experience, so new graduates often start nearer the lower end.
This shows how pay is spread across everyone working in these jobs today, from newer workers (lower end) to experienced ones (upper end). It is not a year-by-year salary path.
Careers behind the numbers
| Career | Median pay | Jobs 2025–35 | AI task exposure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Financial Analysts | $101,350 | +7.2% | 48% |
| Personal Financial Advisors | $102,140 | +1.4% | 59% |
| Financial Managers | $161,700 | +9.7% | 47% |
| Loan Officers | $74,180 | +1.1% | 62% |
| Actuaries | $125,770 | +9.3% | 52% |
| Budget Analysts | $87,930 | +1.8% | 58% |
| Career | Median pay | Jobs 2025–35 | AI task exposure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economists | $115,440 | +4.8% | 58% |
| Financial Analysts | $101,350 | +7.2% | 48% |
| Management Analysts | $101,190 | +10.1% | 45% |
| Market Research Analysts | $76,950 | +7.0% | 53% |
| Actuaries | $125,770 | +9.3% | 52% |
| Financial Managers | $161,700 | +9.7% | 47% |
Which is better, Finance or Economics?
Neither is better for everyone. Economics careers pay more at the median ($108,400 vs $101,700 a year). Economics has faster projected job growth through 2035 (+8.7% vs +6.4%). Economics jobs have less AI task exposure (50% vs 54% of tasks). The better pick is the one whose day-to-day work you would actually like doing.
Still torn between Finance and Economics? See which one fits you.
Pay and AI exposure tell you about the jobs. They don't tell you whether you'd enjoy the work. MajorMatch's proprietary scoring matches your interests and strengths to 100 majors. It takes 10 to 20 minutes, and your top 3 matches are free. The full report is optional ($29).
FAQ
Finance vs Economics salary: which pays more?
At the median, Finance careers pay $101,700 and Economics careers pay $108,400 a year (BLS OEWS, May 2024). The middle half of Finance workers earn $75,300 to $148,500; for Economics it is $80,300 to $149,000. Pay tends to rise with experience, so new graduates often start nearer the lower end.
Is Finance or Economics more at risk from AI?
Using the “GPTs are GPTs” task ratings, 54% of the tasks in typical Finance careers could be done at least twice as fast with current AI tools, versus 50% for Economics (all U.S. jobs: 33%). Higher exposure means more of the work can be sped up by AI. That can mean fewer people doing the same work, or the same people doing more. It is not a count of jobs lost.
Finance vs Economics job outlook: the next 10 and 20 years
BLS projects employment in the Finance careers we track to change +6.4% from 2025 to 2035 (about 128,900 openings a year), and +8.7% for Economics (about 269,000 a year). All U.S. jobs: +3.5%. No official source projects 20 years out. Our 2035–2045 range only shows what happens if the current trend continues or stalls.
Which is better, Finance or Economics?
Neither is better for everyone. Economics careers pay more at the median ($108,400 vs $101,700 a year). Economics has faster projected job growth through 2035 (+8.7% vs +6.4%). Economics jobs have less AI task exposure (50% vs 54% of tasks). The better pick is the one whose day-to-day work you would actually like doing.
How do I know if Finance or Economics fits me?
Take the MajorMatch assessment. It takes 10 to 20 minutes, uses proprietary scoring across 100 majors, and shows your top 3 matches free.
Keep exploring
- Is a Finance degree worth the loan? (calculator)
- What Can You Do With a Finance Degree? 12 Lucrative Career Paths
- Is a Economics degree worth the loan? (calculator)
- AI-proof college majors
- Earnings Continuum: all 100 majors
More comparisons
Sources and method
- Pay: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2024 national estimates (annual wage percentiles). For each listed career, the OEWS percentiles of its largest-employment SOC code; the major figure is the median of its careers at each percentile (equal weight), rounded to $100. Where BLS reports a wage only as “$239,200 or more” (marked ≥), we use $239,200, so the real figure is higher.
- Job growth: BLS Employment Projections 2025–35 (Table 1.2, occupational projections). Sum of BLS 2025 and projected 2035 employment over the unique SOC codes behind the major's listed careers; percent = 2035/2025 - 1. All U.S. jobs: +3.5%.
- 20-year view: BLS publishes 10-year projections only. For 2035–2045 we show a range, not a forecast: the top edge assumes the field's 2025–35 yearly rate keeps going for 10 more years; the bottom edge assumes no further change after 2035 (reversed for fields BLS expects to shrink). Real results can land outside this range.
- AI task exposure: share of each job's tasks (from the O*NET 30.0 task list) that current AI tools could do at least twice as fast at the same quality, from Eloundou, Manning, Mishkin & Rock (2023), “GPTs are GPTs” (Science, 2024; human and GPT-4 ratings averaged; tasks that need extra software count half). Cross-checked against Felten, Raj & Seamans' AI Occupational Exposure scores (rank correlation 0.68 across 170 careers). Major figure = equal-weight average of the careers we list for it. All U.S. jobs (33%) = Employment-weighted mean over 772 detailed occupations (142.8M jobs, OEWS May 2024), same formula as the major figures. Exposure means AI can speed up tasks. It is not a prediction of job losses. The ILO's exposure index wasn't used because it's published on a different occupation system.
- BLS AI notes: where BLS lists artificial intelligence as a factor in its 2025–35 projection for an occupation (Table 1.12), we quote it.
- Careers per major: the same career list MajorMatch uses in its Earnings Continuum and loan calculators. A major doesn't limit you to these jobs.
Updated 2026-10-31. Data: bls.gov/oes, bls.gov/emp, onetcenter.org, github.com/openai/GPTs-are-GPTs, github.com/AIOE-Data/AIOE.