Earnings Continuum · Calculators

Loan cost vs lifetime upside

77 majors · Continuum early/mid wages · labeled loan defaults · HS baseline $46,700 (BLS Education Pays ~$899/wk)

Answer first: At defaults ($30k borrowed @ 6.5% APR for 10 years), total loan repayment is about $40,877. Pick a major to compare that cost against Continuum-based lifetime upside vs a HS-only path ($46,700 BLS baseline, 1.3% real growth). Sorted below by mid-career pay with net-benefit previews. Not personal quotes.

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Default illustration (editable on each major page)

Sorted by mid-career pay · net benefit at defaults (undiscounted)

Engineering Computer Engineering
Early$117,000
Mid$162,000
Upside$3.67M
Ratio89.7×
+$3.63M net
Business Finance
Early$114,000
Mid$159,000
Upside$3.54M
Ratio86.7×
+$3.5M net
Engineering Electrical Engineering
Early$112,000
Mid$156,000
Upside$3.42M
Ratio83.8×
+$3.38M net
Computing & Math Cybersecurity
Early$112,000
Mid$155,000
Upside$3.39M
Ratio82.9×
+$3.35M net
Business Business Management
Early$111,000
Mid$154,000
Upside$3.35M
Ratio81.9×
+$3.31M net
Business Marketing
Early$110,000
Mid$153,000
Upside$3.31M
Ratio80.9×
+$3.27M net
Communications Advertising and Public Relations
Early$109,000
Mid$151,000
Upside$3.23M
Ratio79.0×
+$3.19M net
Computing & Math Information Systems & Management
Early$106,000
Mid$147,000
Upside$3.07M
Ratio75.2×
+$3.03M net
Engineering Aerospace Engineering
Early$104,000
Mid$144,000
Upside$2.95M
Ratio72.3×
+$2.91M net
Business Economics
Early$104,000
Mid$144,000
Upside$2.95M
Ratio72.3×
+$2.91M net
Sciences Physics
Early$100,000
Mid$139,000
Upside$2.75M
Ratio67.4×
+$2.71M net
Business General Business
Early$100,000
Mid$139,000
Upside$2.75M
Ratio67.4×
+$2.71M net
Engineering Chemical Engineering
Early$99,000
Mid$137,000
Upside$2.68M
Ratio65.5×
+$2.64M net
Computing & Math Computer Science
Early$97,000
Mid$135,000
Upside$2.59M
Ratio63.5×
+$2.55M net
Engineering Civil Engineering
Early$97,000
Mid$135,000
Upside$2.59M
Ratio63.5×
+$2.55M net
Engineering General Engineering
Early$96,000
Mid$133,000
Upside$2.52M
Ratio61.6×
+$2.48M net
Computing & Math Data Science
Early$94,000
Mid$130,000
Upside$2.4M
Ratio58.7×
+$2.36M net
Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Early$93,000
Mid$129,000
Upside$2.36M
Ratio57.7×
+$2.32M net
Business Accounting
Early$91,000
Mid$126,000
Upside$2.24M
Ratio54.8×
+$2.2M net
Computing & Math Mathematics
Early$90,000
Mid$125,000
Upside$2.2M
Ratio53.8×
+$2.16M net
Engineering Miscellaneous Engineering
Early$89,000
Mid$123,000
Upside$2.12M
Ratio52.0×
+$2.08M net
Trades & Services Construction Services
Early$75,000
Mid$120,000
Upside$1.92M
Ratio46.9×
+$1.88M net
Business Business Analytics
Early$86,000
Mid$119,000
Upside$1.96M
Ratio48.1×
+$1.92M net
Health Nursing
Early$85,000
Mid$118,000
Upside$1.92M
Ratio47.0×
+$1.88M net
Health Pharmacy
Early$85,000
Mid$118,000
Upside$1.92M
Ratio47.0×
+$1.88M net
Engineering Industrial Engineering
Early$84,000
Mid$117,000
Upside$1.88M
Ratio46.0×
+$1.84M net
Communications Communications
Early$84,000
Mid$116,000
Upside$1.85M
Ratio45.2×
+$1.81M net
Arts Commercial Art & Graphic Design
Early$83,000
Mid$115,000
Upside$1.81M
Ratio44.2×
+$1.76M net
Sciences Chemistry
Early$81,000
Mid$113,000
Upside$1.72M
Ratio42.1×
+$1.68M net
Sciences Miscellaneous Physical Sciences
Early$78,000
Mid$108,000
Upside$1.53M
Ratio37.4×
+$1.49M net
Agriculture & Environment Environmental Science
Early$77,000
Mid$107,000
Upside$1.49M
Ratio36.4×
+$1.45M net
Agriculture & Environment Earth Sciences
Early$76,000
Mid$106,000
Upside$1.45M
Ratio35.4×
+$1.4M net
Arts Fine Arts
Early$76,000
Mid$106,000
Upside$1.45M
Ratio35.4×
+$1.4M net
Health Health Services
Early$76,000
Mid$106,000
Upside$1.45M
Ratio35.4×
+$1.4M net
Humanities Philosophy
Early$76,000
Mid$105,000
Upside$1.41M
Ratio34.5×
+$1.37M net
Engineering Miscellaneous Technologies
Early$76,000
Mid$105,000
Upside$1.41M
Ratio34.5×
+$1.37M net
Arts Architecture
Early$75,000
Mid$104,000
Upside$1.37M
Ratio33.5×
+$1.33M net
Engineering Engineering Technologies
Early$65,000
Mid$104,000
Upside$1.29M
Ratio31.7×
+$1.25M net
Humanities Interdisciplinary Studies
Early$74,000
Mid$103,000
Upside$1.33M
Ratio32.5×
+$1.29M net
Arts Art History
Early$74,000
Mid$103,000
Upside$1.33M
Ratio32.5×
+$1.29M net
Health Medical Technicians
Early$73,000
Mid$101,000
Upside$1.25M
Ratio30.6×
+$1.21M net
Agriculture & Environment Environmental Studies
Early$72,000
Mid$100,000
Upside$1.21M
Ratio29.6×
+$1.17M net
Sciences Biochemistry
Early$69,000
Mid$100,000
Upside$1.19M
Ratio29.1×
+$1.15M net
Social Sciences Political Science
Early$60,000
Mid$100,000
Upside$1.12M
Ratio27.4×
+$1.08M net
Communications Journalism
Early$68,000
Mid$95,000
Upside$1.01M
Ratio24.7×
+$968k net
Social Sciences Psychology
Early$68,000
Mid$94,000
Upside$975k
Ratio23.8×
+$934k net
Social Sciences Geography
Early$67,000
Mid$93,000
Upside$933k
Ratio22.8×
+$892k net
Sciences Miscellaneous Biological Science
Early$66,000
Mid$92,000
Upside$892k
Ratio21.8×
+$851k net
Communications Mass Media
Early$66,000
Mid$91,000
Upside$857k
Ratio21.0×
+$816k net
Agriculture & Environment Agriculture
Early$65,000
Mid$90,000
Upside$816k
Ratio20.0×
+$775k net
Humanities Ethnic Studies
Early$65,000
Mid$90,000
Upside$816k
Ratio20.0×
+$775k net
Humanities Theology and Religion
Early$65,000
Mid$90,000
Upside$816k
Ratio20.0×
+$775k net
Social Sciences Anthropology
Early$65,000
Mid$90,000
Upside$816k
Ratio20.0×
+$775k net
Social Sciences International Affairs
Early$64,000
Mid$90,000
Upside$808k
Ratio19.8×
+$767k net
Humanities History
Early$65,000
Mid$90,000
Upside$816k
Ratio20.0×
+$775k net
Humanities Foreign Language
Early$64,000
Mid$89,000
Upside$774k
Ratio18.9×
+$733k net
Social Sciences Public Policy and Law
Early$64,000
Mid$89,000
Upside$774k
Ratio18.9×
+$733k net
Humanities English Language
Early$63,000
Mid$88,000
Upside$732k
Ratio17.9×
+$691k net
Sciences Biology
Early$63,000
Mid$87,000
Upside$698k
Ratio17.1×
+$657k net
Humanities Liberal Arts
Early$62,000
Mid$86,000
Upside$656k
Ratio16.1×
+$615k net
Social Sciences Sociology
Early$62,000
Mid$86,000
Upside$656k
Ratio16.1×
+$615k net
Social Sciences General Social Sciences
Early$62,000
Mid$86,000
Upside$656k
Ratio16.1×
+$615k net
Agriculture & Environment Animal and Plant Sciences
Early$60,000
Mid$83,000
Upside$539k
Ratio13.2×
+$498k net
Arts Performing Arts
Early$59,000
Mid$82,000
Upside$497k
Ratio12.2×
+$456k net
Social Sciences Criminal Justice
Early$55,000
Mid$80,000
Upside$399k
Ratio9.8×
+$358k net
Agriculture & Environment Nutrition Sciences
Early$57,000
Mid$79,000
Upside$380k
Ratio9.3×
+$339k net
Business Leisure and Hospitality
Early$57,000
Mid$79,000
Upside$380k
Ratio9.3×
+$339k net
Social Sciences Social Services
Early$55,000
Mid$77,000
Upside$296k
Ratio7.2×
+$255k net
Social Sciences Social Work
Early$55,000
Mid$77,000
Upside$296k
Ratio7.2×
+$255k net
Health Treatment Therapy
Early$54,000
Mid$75,000
Upside$220k
Ratio5.4×
+$179k net
Education Secondary Education
Early$52,000
Mid$72,000
Upside$103k
Ratio2.5×
+$62k net
Education Special Education
Early$52,000
Mid$72,000
Upside$103k
Ratio2.5×
+$62k net
Humanities Family and Consumer Sciences
Early$52,000
Mid$72,000
Upside$103k
Ratio2.5×
+$62k net
Education Early Childhood Education
Early$51,000
Mid$71,000
Upside$61k
Ratio1.5×
+$20k net
Education Elementary Education
Early$51,000
Mid$71,000
Upside$61k
Ratio1.5×
+$20k net
Education Miscellaneous Education
Early$50,000
Mid$69,000
Upside-$15k
Ratio-0.4×
-$56k net
Education General Education
Early$48,000
Mid$67,000
Upside-$98k
Ratio-2.4×
-$139k net

How the math works

  1. Loan cost (total repayment): standard amortizing loan — monthly payment × months = total paid; interest = total − principal.
  2. Lifetime earnings with degree (illustrative): linear ramp from early-career to mid-career wage over the first 15 years after graduation, then mid-career wage with gentle 0.5% real growth for remaining career years. Default view is undiscounted illustrative lifetime; optional PV at 6% real.
  3. Counterfactual HS-only: $46,700 baseline × (years in school + career years) with 1.3% real/year growth (same spirit as our NPV analysis). Labeled and consistent across majors.
  4. Upside: degree lifetime earnings − HS counterfactual over the same horizon (includes school years; degree side uses optional part-time earnings during school, default $0).
  5. Net loan-to-upside: Upside − total loan repayment. Ratio = Upside ÷ Loan cost.

Wages come only from our Major Earnings Continuum data.json (early/mid). Replace loan defaults with your net price / aid package. Not a personalized quote.

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